How Do Bivalves Move On A Clam What Do Body Organs Makeup

CLAM Dissection LAB    NAME_____ _________
Purpose: http://world wide web.youtube.com/watch?5=C-3GqvLswc8  dissection

pearl farm in mainland china http://www.youtube.com/spotter?v=NK9roDel3yE

PHYLUM : Clam BIVALVES:  CLASS PELYCOPODA : MEANS   HATCHET FOOT
� Draw the appearance of various organs found in a mollusk
� Proper noun the organs that make up systems of the clam
� to differentiate between the classes with in the phylum
� To observe the external and internal characteristics of a  clam

Materials: � safety goggles, gloves, screwdriver, magnifying glass, a lab apron, plastic nothing lock bag, preserved clam,  pen, dissecting tray, paper towels, scissors, forceps, dissecting needle, and dissecting pins.

BACKGROUND: Clams are bivalves, meaning that they have shells consisting of two halves, or valves. The valves are joined at the top, and the adductor muscles on each side hold the vanquish airtight. If the adductor muscles are relaxed, the shell is pulled open by ligaments located on each side of the umbo. The clam'southward pes is used to dig downwardly into the sand, and a pair of long incurrent and excurrent siphons that extrude from the clam'south curtain out the side of the shell reach up to the h2o above (only the exit points for the siphons are shown). Clams are filter feeders. Water and food particles are drawn in through one siphon to the gills where tiny, pilus-like cilia motility the h2o, and the food is caught in mucus on the gills. From at that place, the food-fungus mixture is transported along a groove to the palps (rima oris flaps) which button information technology into the clam's mouth. The second siphon carries away the water. The gills besides draw oxygen from the water menses. The drape, a thin membrane surrounding the body of the clam, secretes the vanquish. The oldest part of the clam trounce is the umbo, and it is from the hinge area that the clam extends as it grows.

Procedure
one. Put on your lab apron, condom glasses, and plastic gloves.
2. Place a clam in a dissecting tray and place the anterior and posterior ends of the clam too as the dorsal, ventral, & lateral surfaces.
3. Locate the umbo, the bump at the anterior end of the valve. This is the oldest part of the clam vanquish. Find the hinge ligament which hinges the valves together and observe the growth rings.

iv. Turn the calm with its dorsal side down and insert a screwdriver between the ventral edges of the valves. Carefully work the tip of the screwdriver between the valves and so yous do non jab your hand.
v. Turn the screwdriver so that the valves are about a centimeter apart. Leave the tip of the screwdriver between the valves and identify the clam in the pan with the left valve up.
6. Locate the adductor muscles. With your blade pointing toward the dorsal edge, slide your scalpel or scissors  between the upper valve & the height tissue layer. Cut downwards through the anterior adductor muscle, cutting as close to the shell as possible.
7. Repeat step half dozen in cutting the posterior adductor muscle.

8. Bend the left valve back so it lies flat in the tray.
9. Run your fingers along the exterior and the inside of the left valve and compare the texture of the two surfaces.
10. Examine the inner dorsal edges of both valves virtually the umbo and locate the molar similar projections. Close the valves & notice how the tooth similar projections interlock.
eleven. Locate the muscle "scars" on the inner surface of the left valve. The adductor muscles were attached here to hold the clam closed.
12. Identify the drape, the tissue that lines both valves & covers the soft body of the mollusk. Find the mantle crenel, the space within the mantle.
13. Locate ii openings on the posterior end of the clam. The more ventral opening is the incurrent siphon that carries water into the clam and the more dorsal opening is the excurrent siphon where wastes & h2o leave.
xiv. With probe lift the pall so yous can run across the gills, respiratory structures.
fifteen. Discover the muscular foot of the clam.  Note the hatchet shape of the foot used to burrow into mud or sand.
16. Locate the palps, (oral fissure flaps) structures that surroundings & guide food into the clam's mouth.  Beneath the palps, find the mouth.
17. With scissors, cut into the ventral portion of the foot. Cutting the musculus at the top of the foot into right and left halves.
18. Carefully peel away the muscle layer to view the internal organs.
19. Locate the spongy, yellowish reproductive organs.
twenty. Ventral to the umbo, find the digestive gland, a greenish structure that surrounds the stomach.
21. Locate the long, coiled intestine extending from the tummy.
22. Follow the intestine through the calm. Find the area most the dorsal surface  that the intestine passes through called the pericardial expanse. Discover the clam's centre in this area.

23. Keep following the intestine toward the posterior end of the clam. Discover the anus only backside the posterior adductor muscle.
24. Utilise your probe to trace the path of food & wastes from the incurrent siphon through the clam to the excurrent siphon
When you accept finished dissecting the clam, dispose of the clam as your instructor advises and make clean, dry, and return all dissecting equipment to the lab cart. Wash your easily thoroughly with soap. http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/zoology/faculty/hann/z260/images/clam.jpg
Fill IN THE Information TABLE Beneath

ORGAN	System	Part
A. MOUTH	Digestive	opening for food
B. INCURRENT SIPHON	respiratory	inhalant tube brings in food and h2o
C. EXCURRENT SIPHON	respiratory	exhalant tube that allows wastes to be removed
D. HEART	circulatory	pumps blood
Eastward. KIDNEY	excretory	filters liquid waste
F. FOOT	muscular	digs and moves clam
G. ANUS	excretory	opening for wastes
H. POSTERIOR ADDUCTOR MUSCLE	muscular	closes crush
I. MANTLE	skeletal	makes the shell and pearls
J. DIGESTIVE GLAND	digestive	makes enzymes that break down food
M. MOUTH FLAPS	digestive	guides food into mouth
Fifty. SHELL	skeletal	protection
Thou. GILLS	respiratory	oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange; cilla filter feeds
N. GANGLIA	nervous	nerves sends and recieves message
O. UMBO	skeletal	the start of the crush-the oldest part
P. esophagus	digestive	guides food to stomach
Q. INTESTINE	digestive	breaks down and absorbs food
R. GONADS (SEX GLAND)	reproductive	produces sex cells
South. Anterior ADDUCTOR MUSCLE	muscular	closes vanquish
T. STOMACH	digestive	breaks down food

A. Answer the questions on your lab written report.
B. Using the words in the in a higher place table label the following diagrams of  the clam.
C. Utilize arrows on the clam diagram to trace the pathway of nutrient as it travels to the clam's tum. Proceed the arrows showing wastes leaving through the anus.

Name the CLAMPHYLUM__MOLLUSK________________it means SOFT BODIED
Name the Clam Class _____PELEYCOPODA______________ it ways HATCHET Human foot
GASTROPODA (means)___STOMACH FOOT_____________ EXAMPLE___SNAILS, SLUGS_______________
CEPHLOPODA (means)___HEAD FOOT_____________ Instance ___OCTOPUSES, SQUID, NAUTILUS_______________

LIST ALL THE SYSTEMS IN THE CLAM and explain their function 9pts

Organisation	Part
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
seven.
eight.

Again characterization the parts of the mollusk

Explicate filter feeding in a mollusk. 3pts

Explicate: HOW A PEARL IS FORMED? 3pts

FILTER FEEDING:

Clams are known as filter feeders considering of the way they eat their nutrient. Since they have no heads or biting mouthparts, they have to feed in an unusual fashion. They pull water -- which likewise contains food particles -- in through 1 of their syphons and into their gills. The cilia in the clams' gills is able to trap the tiny food particles from the water and move them downward to their mouth, where they can be eaten and digested. The water is and so pushed out through the other syphon.

HOW A PEARL IS FORMED  (VIDEO)

There are essentially 3 types of pearls: natural, cultured and false.

Natural Pearls form when an irritant - commonly a parasite and not the proverbial grain of sand - works its manner into an oyster, mussel, or mollusk. As a defence force mechanism, a fluid is used to coat the irritant. Layer upon layer of this blanket, called 'nacre', is deposited until a lustrous pearl is formed.

A cultured pearl undergoes the aforementioned process. The just difference is that the irritant is a surgically implanted bead or piece of shell called Mother of Pearl. These 'seeds' or 'nuclei' are most often formed from mussel shells. Quality cultured pearls require a sufficient amount of time - more often than not at least 3 years - for a thick layer of nacre to exist deposited, resulting in a beautiful, gem-quality pearl. Lower-quality pearls have oft been 'rushed' out of the oyster too quickly (sometimes a year or less) and take a too-sparse coat of nacre.

Pearls can come up from either common salt or freshwater sources. Historically, saltwater pearls were rounder and had a better nacre than freshwater pearls, while freshwater pearls tended to be very irregular in shape, with a puffed rice appearance the almost prevalent. However, improvements in freshwater pearl farming techniques have narrowed that gap, with freshwater pearls now exhibiting not bad roundness and deep luster.

The culturing process normally takes several years. Mussels must reach a mature age, which can accept up to 3 years, and simply then tin be implanted or naturally receive an irritant. Once the irritant is in place, information technology tin take up to another 3 years for the pearl to reach its full size and nacre thickness.  Of the pearls produced, only approximately 5% are of sufficient true gem-quality for top jewelry makers, withal a pearl farmer can effigy on spending over $100 for every oyster that is farmed, whether a gem-quality pearl is produced or not.

Imitation pearls are a different story birthday. In most cases, a glass bead is dipped into a solution made from fish scales. This coating is thin and may somewhen wear off. 1 can usually tell an fake by rubbing it across the teeth: Faux pearls glide across your teeth, while the layers of nacre on real pearls feel gritty. The Isle of Mallorca is known for its imitation pearl industry, and the term "Mallorca Pearls" or "Majorica Pearls" is often (though inaccurately) used to depict these pearl simulants.

Source: https://ez002.k12.sd.us/clam%20dissection%20lab.htm

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